ENGR1201: February 2014

For the Upcoming Test & Team evaluation:

Come prepared (be there early, with pencil and calculator. You will not be allowed to use the computers.)

Skim through entire test before starting

Do the easy problems first

keep track of the time

Go for partial credit - don't leave anything blank - if you know it's wrong, explain that you know it is wrong, and write down your thinking process.
Show all of your work.
Don't erase your work - just put a single line through it (you might get more partial credit)

Check over your answers, and re-check them. Don't leave early.

Warning: To prevent cheating, each test will be slightly different, so don't copy what your neighbor is doing!

Team Evaluation:

Finish this BEFORE coming to the test.

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Skim through all the notes!

4 key components an Engineer must balance:

need for change,
limited resources,
determining what’s best,
dealing with uncertainty.

Heuristics – list of suggestions, hints, or rules of thumb to use in seeking a solution to a problem.

What is the difference between scientists and engineers? Engineering is applied.

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History of Engineering - link
We have progressed more in the last 200 years, than in the previous 5,000+ years....

Why were there so few innovations in the early years?

Information age = Technology age

Can you list some of the innovations that changed the world?

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Engineering Majors

The Design Process presented in your text has 10 phases:

PGR.BAT.DCCR.

1. Identify the Problem/product innovation

2. Define the working criteria/Goals

3. Research and gather data

4. Brainstorm/generate creative ideas

5. Analyze potential solutions
6. Develop and Test models

7. Make the Decision

8. Communicate and specify

9. Implement and Commercialize

10. Perform post-implementation Review and assessment

Teamwork notes:

What is synergy?
1+1=3. The whole is greater than the sum of it's parts because of of the products of interactions. (1 bird + 1 bird = 3 babies + singing + patterned flying formations + many other behaviors that a single bird could not exhibit on it's own)

What are emergent properties?
Properties created through interactions.
Examples: Color, phases of matter (gas, liquid, solid), interaction potentials, etc. etc. You cannot define the phase of matter, or see the color, or know the friction of a single atom. All of the properties that we measure are not those of the individual, but of how that individual interacts with it's surroundings. Teamwork is the same - "Who you are is who you are with others", if you are kind, you are kind to others, if you are quiet, you are quiet around others etc.

Successful companies are large teams that thrive on emergence and synergy between those working there.

What are Tuckman's 5 stages of team growth?
1. Forming
2. Storming (is this stage good or bad?)
3. Norming
4. Performing
5. Adjourning

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Components of an Engineering Report

#'d Headings and Subheadings
Figures and tables with captions and headings
#'d equations
Reference section

Meyers, and Jung Typologies, Kolb learning Cycle

What Meyer's personality type are you?
What learning style are you?
What strengths and weaknesses go along with your personality type? What are the best ways for you to study? With a book? with youtubes? With a study group?

Perry's Scheme of Intellectual and Ethical Development

What Perry levels do typical college students progress through? Be prepared to explain each level:

1.) Dualism - no ambiguity, right/wrong answers for everything, trust in authority figures.

2.) Multiplicity - starts recognizing that ambiguity exists in some situations, but does not know how to find a solution for ambiguous problems.

3.) Contextual Relativism - all solutions are relative and subjective - valid only in a certain context.

4.) Contextually Appropriate Decisions -ability to make decisions and commitments based on personal values and analysis, and takes personal responsibility for the commitment

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Statics

Skim through notes

Understand what we did in lab -

Calculate Std Deviation if given the equation:

Practice problems -

1. What is the static friction coefficient for a block weighing 20 kg that starts slipping at 30 deg?
Ans: 0.577

2. The static friction coefficient between a block weighing 30kg and the ground is 0.5. What force is needed to pull the wooden block from rest across a horizontal surface? (g = 9.81m/s^2)
Ans: 147.15N

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Circuits
Skim through the notes.
Solve the practice problems -

series:

Practice problem:
In the above series circuit,
V = 12V
R1 = 1,000 Ohms,
R2 = 2,000 Ohms, and
R3 = 3,000 Ohms
Calculate the current, and voltage drop across each resistor.
Ans: i = 0.002 amps, V1 = 2V, V2 = 4V, V3 = 6V

In the above series circuit,
V = 9V
R1 = 1,500 Ohms,
R2 = 1,000 Ohms, and
R3 = 500 Ohms
Calculate the current, and voltage drop across each resistor.
Ans: i = 0.003 amps, V1=4.5V, V2=3V, V3=1.5V

Example Parallel Circuits Problem:

Solve for all of the current and voltage drops in the above parallel circuit if:
V = 10V
R1 = 500 Ohms
R2 = 1,000 Ohms
R3 = 750 Ohms

Ans:
V1 = V2 = V3 = 10V
i1 = 0.02 amps, i2 = 0.01 amps, i3 = 0.01333 amps

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Let me know if there is anything you need help with!

Electricity!

Static Electricity: Two surfaces, one with high resistance (insulator). Materials with weakly bound electrons tend to lose them while materials with sparsely filled outer shells tend to gain them. - Triboelectric effect.

Leyden Jar:

A Leyden jar, or Leiden jar, is a device that "stores" static electricity between two electrodes on the inside and outside of a glass jar. It was the original form of a capacitor (originally known as a "condenser").

It was invented independently by German cleric Ewald Georg von Kleist on 11 October 1745 and by Dutch scientist Pieter van Musschenbroek of Leiden (Leyden) in 1745–1746.[1] The invention was named for the city.

The Leyden jar was used to conduct many early experiments in electricity, and its discovery was of fundamental importance in the study of electricity.

Lightning: Created from electrically charged regions within clouds, no one really understands how these charges build up.

Lightning rod experiments

In 1752, Franklin proposed an experiment with conductive rods to attract lightning to a Leyden jar, an early form of capacitor.

Such an experiment was carried out in May 1752 at Marly-la-Ville in northern France by Thomas-François Dalibard. An attempt to replicate the experiment killed Georg Wilhelm Richmann in Saint Petersburg in August 1753, thought to be the victim of ball lightning. Franklin himself conducted the experiment in June 1752, supposedly on the top of the spire on Christ Church in Philadelphia.

Electrical Current: Electrons moving in a wire, or ions in an electrolyte.

Ampere (A), Amp, unit of electric current. It's the amount of electric charge passing through a conductor.

Ohm's Law:

http://phet.colorado.edu/sims/ohms-law/ohms-law_en.html

Induction:

Induction motor:

Electromagnetism:

Electromagnetism, or the electromagnetic force is one of the four fundamental interactions in nature, (the other three being the strong interaction, the weak interaction, and gravitation.)

Originally electricity and magnetism were thought of as two separate forces. This view changed, however, with the publication of James Clerk Maxwell's 1873 Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism in which the interactions of positive and negative charges were shown to be regulated by one force.

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There are four main effects resulting from these interactions, all of which have been clearly demonstrated by experiments:

1. Electric charges attract or repel one another with a force inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them: unlike charges attract, like ones repel.

2. Magnetic poles (or states of polarization at individual points) attract or repel one another in a similar way and always come in pairs: every north pole is yoked to a south pole.

3. An electric current in a wire creates a circular magnetic field around the wire, its direction (clockwise or counter-clockwise) depending on the direction of the current.

4. A current is induced in a loop of wire when it is moved towards or away from a magnetic field, or a magnet is moved towards or away from it, the direction of current depending on that of the movement.

Electromagnet:
The electricity flowing through the wire arranges the molecules in the nail so that the nail becomes magnetic. When the current is gone, the nail is no longer magnetic.

Telegraph:

Electric Generator:

Device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy (by pushing a magnet past a wire). The source of mechanical energy may be a reciprocating or turbine steam engine, water falling through a turbine or waterwheel, an internal combustion engine, a wind turbine, a hand crank, compressed air, or any other source of mechanical energy. Generators provide nearly all of the power for electric power grids.